Nitrazepam is a benzodiazepine medication used primarily to treat insomnia and, in some cases, epilepsy. It works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that calms the brain and nervous system. Nitrazepam has sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and muscle-relaxant properties. Because it can cause dependence and drowsiness, it’s generally prescribed for short-term use only.